What is a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack?

Cross-site scripting attacks, often abbreviated as XSS, are a type of attack in which malicious scripts are injected into websites and web applications and run on an end user’s platform. XSS attacks are a common and widespread type of attack, using unsanitized or unvalidated user inputs, aimed at the generated output.
The XSS attack does not have to choose a specific target; the attacker simply exploits the vulnerability of the application or site, taking advantage of anyone unlucky enough to trigger an attack. Using XSS attacks, a web application or web site becomes the vector of delivering malicious scripts to the browsers of several victims.
XSS attacks can exploit vulnerabilities in several software environments, including VBScript, Flash, ActiveX, and JavaScript; XSS attacks most often use JavaScript due to the integrated nature of JavaScript in most browsers. This ability to exploit commonly used platforms makes XSS attacks one of the most common security vulnerabilities.

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